Saturday, May 25, 2013

Organizational Change - culture of an organization -



An organization can have many factors that contribute to its inherent culture. However, every organization has the idea of success at its core and is the very reason of its existence.  In an idealistic world this would translate into every member of the organization working equally hard to contribute to its success.  An organization’s past is very important in influencing its present and shaping its future. I believe how an organization, especially its leaders, uses the lessons from its past determines its degree of success. Although there are many factors that contribute to the success of an organization, I would like to discuss the idea of symbolic artifacts, stories from organization’s past and leadership and would like to present some of my personal observations.
When any organization recruits new people, they are told to delve into its history.  They will be told to look at the founder of the establishment or understand the reasoning behind naming a building after someone, or read and listen to the stories of its heroes and heroines. They might even be asked to understand certain rituals and ceremonies associated with them (Bolman).  New recruits are told to understand ways that have been tried and tested, and have contributed to the overall success of the organization. The purpose of this tradition, according to Bolman, is to bring uniformity, motivate for success and understand the deep rooted traditions of the establishment. Many times new recruits may not understand the symbols and it may take grounding into the establishment before this happens. (Beach)  When I was hired for employment at my school, I was given a similar talk and introduced to our school mascot: the fighting bear.  Coming from an education system that did not employ this idea, I failed to grasp the symbolism.  I, however, eventually came to understand that the founder of the school had ensured the survival of the school through some tough times, hence the mascot. The story of the founder and the symbol of the mascot serve multiple purposes. For the students, it is a reminder that even during hard times, one must persevere. For the faculty it is a reminder that the school survived through tough times and it is the duty of everyone to ensure its continuous survival and success.  This symbol binds the members of the organization.  Sometimes symbols of the past are important to motivate people to continue contributing to the success of the organization.
Sometimes leaders who do not value the input of all the members of the organization, or who rely too heavily on the success stories of the past, can become a hindrance to success. The unfortunate cases of Columbia and Challenger at NASA are a testimony to this.  While Bolman & Deal and also Beach agree that stories of the past are an intrinsic part of the culture of an organization, Hall’s observations clearly show how this can be dangerous.  When an organization becomes path dependent (Hall), it opens itself to errors. NASAs management relied too much on the success of its previous explorations and did not take into account deviants which could alter due to external factors. The top management believed it knew best and so did not take into account the concerns of the engineers.  Similarly when No Child Left Behind was introduced, many educators and legislators felt the act was flawed (Mier,  Kohn, Hammond, Sizer and Wood 2004, Many Children Left Behind) Like the upper level management  at NASA, the creators of NCLB based their standards on the success of previous small scale research. The application of those standards to a wider field (every state,) and without the input of people in the frontline (the teachers), proved to be disastrous in many cases. Schools that had Limited English Proficient students felt this variable had not been taken into account when the standards were set. And so when the state measured school for Adequate Yearly Progress, it seemed some schools had failed in their ‘mission’.  Just as the top managers at NASA had failed to listen to its engineers, many felt congress had failed to listen to its teachers. The result, in both cases, failed missions and disgruntled workers.  It can be concluded then that if any organization wants to be successful then its leadership needs to honor its past but listen to the concerns of the members of the organization for maximum success.

If the past can serve to be inspirational but also be the cause of hindrance, is it possible to find a middle ground? My belief is that it is absolutely necessary for the continued success of the organization.  Take the case of BMW (Bolman and Deal) and how the company learnt from its past mistakes to improve its future. The leaders in the company valued the contribution of all its members and so were able to yield successful results. The organizations past must help in creating its future and so this may mean making new and diverse changes.  This is the basis of American Society. Wasn’t it deemed necessary to make changes to the constitution through the amendments to ensure the success of the American people? What would American society look like today had it continued with the ways of the Founding Fathers? If all the members in an organization feel valued, shouldn’t changing the culture be easier?  Had the leaders at NASA listened to the engineers could the disasters of Columbia and Challenger have been prevented? Had congress listened to educators would NCLB have created so much controversy?  These are questions that warrant further study.
 Mier  D,  Kohn  A, Hammond L, Sizer T and Wood  G 2004, Many Children Left Behind.  (2004 )Massachusetts , Beacon Press


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